Friday 17 January 2020

The Science of History


          Well, I managed to finish reading War and Peace – its many pages of turgidly detailed description and seemingly superfluous analogy notwithstanding – before leaving Athens last week. What sustained me was the stories – which army won which battle and who got off with whom in the romantic stakes. My curiosity satisfied, I admit to merely skimming the epilogues, in which Tolstoy sets out his theory of the study of history. After all, my time in the city was limited and I didn’t want to spend too much of it with my e-reader.
          So, each morning, at one or other of the myriad kafeneios, my partner and I would convene before sampling Athens’ other attractions. There are so many museums, galleries and archaeological sites that a campaign plan (sorry, Tolstoy) is necessary to do them justice but, fortunately, we had already been to some of them on previous visits. The Byzantine and the Islamic, however, had eluded us. They are both beautiful museums, full of treasures that are meticulously explained and lovingly displayed. If asked to choose between them, however, I would come down in favour of the Islamic, not only because I have an aversion to the idolatrous art that is the main feature of the Byzantine period, but also because of the charming roof-top café where, with a restorative glass of wine in hand, one can contemplate the ancient ruins of Kerameikos laid out below.
          The mega-rich of the Greek diaspora are responsible for founding and endowing many of the magnificent museums and galleries, but there is a modest Municipal Gallery of Athens, housed in a former silk factory, where we saw some lovely works by Greek artists that were made in the 1930s and 1940s – a time of great political strife for the nation. Our visit to this gallery came with the benefit of sole occupancy: it is also located near some very good ‘neighbourhood’ cafés, which is ideal for one of our other favourite pursuits – lunch.
          Bravery is perhaps too strong a word, but it does take some gumption to seek one’s lunch in a place that makes no concessions to tourists. On one occasion, we took the advice of a local and ventured down to a cellar, through a trapdoor in the pavement, to an old-fashioned, basic eatery established to provide lunch (only) to the workers at the adjacent market. (The pop-up concept is not new.) There was no menu, no pricelist, no staff, except for the proprietor-cum-cook and his assistant. We ate and drank what we were given, which, because the business relies on returning customers, was authentic, delicious and inexpensive. The next day, we became bolder and chose ourselves a café that was intimidatingly native. But the lady in charge took pity on us and offered us a choice of dishes, served cheerfully and without pretension.
          Of course, I miss all that now that we are back in a city that lacks family-run restaurants of that sort. Still, I have more time for reading and have had a closer look at Tolstoy’s epilogues. He argues that the history of humanity is not explained simply as chain-link of cause and effect, such as can be found in the narration of episodes in the life of an individual: he refutes the notion of individual free will and argues that History should aspire to become a science, by establishing ‘laws’ as do other sciences. The amount of data-collation needed to establish such laws would have been beyond his ability, but present-day computing power makes it feasible  and, in fact, his legacy is alive in the work of Peter Turchin’s ‘Cliodynamics’ and his Seshat project, a vast, big-data attempt to make sense of it all. Still, if science isn’t your thing, there’s plenty of enjoyment to be had in reading history as stories and, if cinema appeals, get yourself along to see Sam Mendes’ film 1917.


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